Understanding Earthquakes: Causes, Effects, and Frequency

Understanding Earthquakes and it's Causes, Effects, and Frequency

What Causes Earthquakes?

Earthquakes occur due to the movement of tectonic plates, which make up the Earth’s crust. These plates push against one another, and along fault lines—fractures in the Earth’s surface—the stress can result in sudden slips. When two plates abruptly slide past each other, they release seismic energy, producing waves that cause the Earth’s surface to shake, according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS).


The Science of Earthquakes

Scientifically, an earthquake is the result of seismic energy released by shifting tectonic plates. These seismic waves ripple outward from the point of origin, much like waves on a pond.

  • Epicenter: The point on the Earth’s surface directly above where the earthquake originates. This area experiences the strongest shaking.
  • Diminishing Effects: The farther from the epicenter, the weaker the shaking becomes.

Where Are Earthquakes Most Common?

West Coast:

The West Coast of the U.S. is a hotspot for earthquakes due to active plate boundaries like the San Andreas Fault. These regions are geologically well-studied, allowing scientists to trace the origin of many quakes to specific fault lines.

East Coast:

Although less frequent, earthquakes do occur on the East Coast. The region lacks active plate boundaries nearby, making geologic activity harder to study. Despite this, moderate earthquakes happen roughly twice a century between New York and Wilmington, Delaware, with smaller quakes occurring every two to three years.

Notably, East Coast quakes are felt over a broader area than their West Coast counterparts. For instance, an April 2024 earthquake near New York City, measuring 4.0 magnitude, was felt more than 60 miles from its epicenter.


Will Earthquakes Become More Frequent?

According to the USGS, nearly 75% of the United States is at risk of experiencing a damaging earthquake within the next century. This estimate comes from advanced seismic studies and historical data, which have identified nearly 500 additional fault lines capable of producing significant quakes.

High-Risk Areas:

  • California and Alaska: Historically the most seismically active regions in the U.S.
  • Atlantic Coastal Regions: Research suggests the central and northeastern Atlantic coastal areas could experience more temblors in the future.

Preparing for Earthquakes

Understanding the science behind earthquakes and identifying high-risk zones is crucial for preparedness. The USGS emphasizes continuous research and monitoring to better predict seismic activity and mitigate potential damage.


Source: CBS News

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