When 120 SpaceX Starlink satellites re-entered Earth’s atmosphere in January 2025, they broke apart. Scientists are worried about the possible effects of these occurrences on the environment, especially on air pollution and the ozone layer, as they are becoming more frequent.
What Causes the Starlink Satellites to Drop?
Elon Musk’s SpaceX created the Starlink satellite network with the goal of giving rural locations inexpensive internet access. But additional satellites are being deorbited as the network grows. In January, four to five of these spacecraft burnt up per day, according to astronomer Jonathan McDowell..
Newer satellites frequently replace older ones, and the almost 500 first-generation Starlink satellites have already reached the end of their useful lives. Around 7,000 satellites are already in operation, and SpaceX intends to update its whole network every five years, which will result in more planned satellite re-entry.
Hazards to the Environment from Falling Satellites
Upon re-entry, metallic vapors are released into the atmosphere when these satellites burn up. Scientists became concerned when satellite debris was found in aerosols 60,000 feet over Alaska in 2023. According to research, between 2016 and 2022, the amount of aluminum oxides from satellite re-entries grew eightfold. Scientists caution that these particles may damage the ozone layer and change the chemistry of the atmosphere.
Experts are wary of the long-term environmental repercussions, despite SpaceX’s claims that their satellites completely burn up and leave no trash behind.
More General Space Debris Concerns
Starlink satellites are not the only space debris problem. According to studies, the likelihood of rocket pieces returning to Earth’s atmosphere uncontrollably is 26% per year. Declining debris could endanger aviation and raise airline expenses, even though the risk is still minimal.
The Starlink Satellites’ Lifespan and Deorbiting Procedure
For around five years, Starlink satellites are intended to stay in low Earth orbit. After their operational life is up, they use electric thrusters to drop gradually until they are about 155 miles (250 kilometers) above the ground. At this stage, atmospheric drag causes them to slow down even further, and after a week, they burn up entirely.
Scientists call for more investigation into the possible environmental effects of large-scale satellite re-entries as SpaceX continues to grow its satellite network. There are still demands for stronger laws and better ways to dispose of satellites in the ongoing discussion over space sustainability.
